How did this programmer, Rex Bradford, learn to develop VCS games? He explained: “Our first job was to reverse-engineer the tradesecret Atari [VCS]. Parker Brothers hired a company to strip off the top of
Racing the Beam: The Atari Video Computer System, Nick Montfort and Ian Bogost
the graphics chip and photograph it. [Two engineers] stared at the circuit diagram, while I wrote a disassembler to examine existing cartridge code. Then I started writing some small programs to test our theories about how it worked. Finally, by the fall of 1981, we were ready to create our first game.”